{"id":7137,"date":"2023-05-11T10:17:53","date_gmt":"2023-05-11T08:17:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.santevet.be\/articles\/education-du-chien-les-regles-a-connaitre"},"modified":"2026-05-13T18:21:11","modified_gmt":"2026-05-13T16:21:11","slug":"education-du-chien-les-regles-a-connaitre","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.santevet.be\/fr\/articles\/education-du-chien-les-regles-a-connaitre","title":{"rendered":"\u00c9ducation d\u2019un chien : les r\u00e8gles \u00e0 conna\u00eetre"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00c9duquer son chien\u00a0: les diff\u00e9rentes m\u00e9thodes d\u2019\u00e9ducation<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

En mati\u00e8re d\u2019\u00e9ducation canine<\/a>, il existe diverses m\u00e9thodes pour apprendre \u00e0 un chiot ou un chien \u00e0 ob\u00e9ir et \u00e0 vous \u00e9couter.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Le conditionnement classique ou pavlovien<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

C\u2019est au physiologiste russe\u00a0Ivan Petrovich Pavlov<\/strong>, au cours des ann\u00e9es 1890<\/strong>, que l\u2019on doit la d\u00e9couverte du \u00ab\u00a0conditionnement pavlovien<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u00bb. En quoi cela consiste-t-il\u00a0? Il s\u2019agit d\u2019un r\u00e9flexe provoqu\u00e9 chez un individu qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 conditionn\u00e9 \u00e0 r\u00e9agir \u00e0 un stimulus donn\u00e9.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ainsi, en utilisant diff\u00e9rents\u00a0stimulus sonores<\/strong>\u00a0qu\u2019il r\u00e9p\u00e9tait syst\u00e9matiquement avant la distribution de nourriture, Pavlov a r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 faire saliver des chiens rien qu\u2019\u00e0 la perception du son. L\u2019animal avait alors appris \u00e0\u00a0associer un stimulus neutre<\/strong>, en l\u2019occurrence le son,\u00a0avec un stimulus ayant un sens<\/strong>\u00a0: la prise de nourriture.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

L\u2019\u00e9ducation positive ou le renforcement positif<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Elle ne se base pas sur la domination, mais tient compte de la\u00a0douceur<\/strong>, de la\u00a0compr\u00e9hension<\/strong>\u00a0et du\u00a0respect<\/strong>. Le but est de\u00a0construire une relation de confiance<\/strong>, plus harmonieuse, entre le ma\u00eetre et son animal de compagnie.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Le renforcement positif consiste \u00e0 affermir les bons comportements par une r\u00e9compense ou un stimulus agr\u00e9able\u00a0:\u00a0friandises<\/a><\/strong>, jouets, caresses ou simple parole positive.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>De toute \u00e9vidence, une r\u00e9compense, des caresses, des f\u00e9licitations valent mille fois mieux qu\u2019une r\u00e9primande. On obtient beaucoup plus par le jeu que par la contrainte.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c9ducation canine\u00a0: les r\u00e8gles de base\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

Diff\u00e9rentes r\u00e8gles sont \u00e0 respecter pour apprendre \u00e0 un chien \u00e0 ob\u00e9ir.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Adoptez une attitude bienveillante et positive<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

Ainsi, vous cr\u00e9erez une relation de confiance avec votre animal de compagnie et il sera plus dispos\u00e9 \u00e0 suivre vos ordres.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>S\u2019il vous sent stress\u00e9, il aura tendance \u00e0\u00a0se renfermer sur lui-m\u00eame<\/strong>, car il ne comprendra pas la raison de votre comportement.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Soyez patient<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u00c9duquer un animal ne se fait pas en un jour. Dans le cas d\u2019un chien, il apprendra plus ou moins vite. Pour les gestes qu\u2019il aura du mal \u00e0 assimiler, r\u00e9p\u00e9tez-les plusieurs fois, autant que n\u00e9cessaire.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Ne cherchez pas \u00e0 tout lui apprendre en m\u00eame temps, chaque chose en son temps\u00a0! Surtout, ne terminez jamais une s\u00e9ance sur un \u00e9chec.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Sachez l\u2019\u00e9couter<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

Le dressage <\/a>d\u2019un chien implique \u00e9galement de\u00a0savoir l\u2019\u00e9couter<\/strong>. En effet, votre animal peut vous montrer qu\u2019il n\u2019arrive pas \u00e0 vous suivre, qu\u2019il a faim ou est trop fatigu\u00e9. Soyez\u00a0attentif<\/strong>\u00a0et\u00a0concentr\u00e9<\/strong>\u00a0durant les s\u00e9ances d\u2019apprentissage.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Adaptez-vous \u00e0 son rythme d\u2019apprentissage<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

Ne vous attendez pas \u00e0 ce que votre chien assimile les ordres tout de suite. Ce n\u2019est pas en passant des heures \u00e0 le dresser que vous changerez quelque chose. Adaptez-vous \u00e0 son rythme. Surtout, ne passez pas \u00e0 une nouvelle \u00e9tape sans avoir ma\u00eetris\u00e9 la pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Dressage\u00a0: comment apprendre un ordre \u00e0 un chien\u2009?\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c9duquer un chiot requiert de la m\u00e9thode et il faut\u00a0commencer d\u00e8s son arriv\u00e9e \u00e0 la maison<\/a><\/strong>. Voici les\u00a0ordres de base<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0afin de pr\u00e9venir les comportements ind\u00e9sirables\u00a0:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Commencez le plus t\u00f4t possible<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

L\u2019apprentissage peut d\u00e9buter\u00a0d\u00e8s l\u2019\u00e2ge de 2 mois<\/strong>, mais il vaut mieux commencer par l\u2019apprivoiser, poursuivre le travail de\u00a0socialisation<\/a><\/strong>, lui faire d\u00e9couvrir le monde et lui apprendre \u00e0 \u00eatre seul afin qu\u2019il ne souffre pas d\u2019anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 de s\u00e9paration<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>. Pour le dressage proprement dit, attendez qu\u2019il ait 3 mois. Ainsi, le chiot affichera un meilleur niveau de concentration<\/strong>pour assimiler les ordres.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Soyez ferme, mais mesur\u00e9<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u00catre ferme ne veut pas dire \u00eatre s\u00e9v\u00e8re et encore moins faire preuve de violence. Pour une\u00a0\u00e9ducation canine<\/a> saine<\/strong>\u00a0et une\u00a0relation \u00e9quilibr\u00e9e<\/strong>\u00a0avec votre toutou,\u00a0la brutalit\u00e9 et les punitions corporelles n\u2019ont pas leur place. Certaines races de chiens sont plus sensibles que d\u2019autres, comprennent plus ou moins rapidement ce que leur maitre attend d\u2019eux. \u00c9mettez des ordres pr\u00e9cis et clairs, utilisez des\u00a0mots<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0simples et toujours le m\u00eame pour chaque ordre.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, de nouvelles m\u00e9thodes d\u2019\u00e9ducation canine <\/a>ont vu le jour, dont\u00a0l\u2019\u00e9ducation positive<\/a><\/strong>.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n